‘Beyond Free-Variation’ is devoted to the micro-analysis of Egyptian scribal texts and the variation found therein, be it palaeographic, orthographic, or linguistic. The conference aims to raise questions and identify problems related to variation across boundaries of time and period, including ancient Egyptian, Demotic, Coptic, Greek, Latin, and Arabic. By adopting such a comparative and diachronic approach, our overarching aim is to address the stability, or instability, of scribal convent...